The Maryland Department of Health and the Howard County Health Department have confirmed a positive case of measles in a Howard County resident who recently traveled internationally. This case is not linked to the current outbreaks in Texas and New Mexico. Authorities are working to identify and notify individuals who may have been exposed, including passengers on specific flights. Potential exposure locations include Washington Dulles International Airport on March 5—specifically Terminal A, transportation to the main terminal, and the baggage claim area—as well as the Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center Pediatric Emergency Department on March 7. Individuals who were at these locations on these dates should monitor for symptoms for 21 days after potential exposure. For more info, visit the Maryland Department of Health’s website.
Many view measles as a disease of the past, but it remains a serious threat, especially to young children and unvaccinated individuals. While widespread vaccination has kept measles cases low in the U.S., recent outbreaks in Texas and New Mexico highlight the dangers of declining immunization rates, with some cases even resulting in fatalities. In Texas, the outbreak has been most severe in Gaines County, where vaccination rates are notably low. When communities fall below the recommended immunization levels, measles can resurface quickly, putting vulnerable populations at risk and reversing decades of public health progress.
Measles spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and the virus can linger in the air and on surfaces for up to two hours. A person with measles is contagious from four days before the rash appears until four days after, meaning they can unknowingly spread the virus before realizing they are ill.
Symptoms usually appear 8 to 12 days after exposure and include high fever, runny nose, watery eyes, and a cough. A telltale sign is Koplik spots—small red spots with blue-white centers inside the mouth. A few days later, a red rash starts on the face and neck, eventually spreading across the body before fading in the order it appeared.
Fortunately, measles is entirely preventable with a safe and effective vaccine. Staying up to date on immunizations is the best way to protect individuals and communities from this highly contagious disease.
Complications and Treatment
Many underestimate measles, but it can lead to severe complications, especially in children under five and adults over 20. Possible complications include diarrhea, ear infections, pneumonia, encephalitis (brain swelling), seizures, and, in severe cases, death.
There is no specific cure for measles. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, staying hydrated, and getting adequate nutrition. Antibiotics may be prescribed for secondary infections, and acetaminophen (Tylenol) can help reduce fever.
What to Do After Exposure
If exposed to measles, contact a doctor or local health department immediately. If unvaccinated, receiving the measles vaccine within 72 hours of exposure may help prevent infection. High-risk individuals, such as pregnant women, infants, and those with weakened immune systems, may benefit from Immune Globulin (IG) treatment within six days of exposure. During this period, it’s essential to avoid public places, school, and work until cleared by a doctor.
Preventing Measles Through Vaccination
The best protection against measles is vaccination. Despite misinformation, decades of research confirm the safety and effectiveness of the Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine. The first dose is recommended at 12 to 15 months, with a second dose given between four and six years of age. Adults uncertain of their vaccination status should consult their doctor about receiving a booster.
Vaccination not only protects individuals but also safeguards vulnerable populations, such as infants and those with weakened immune systems.
Measles is a serious but entirely preventable disease. Ensure you and your family are vaccinated according to recommendations. If unsure of your vaccination status, talk to your doctor. Together, we can prevent measles outbreaks and protect our communities.
For more information, visit https://www.cdc.gov/measles/